The Relationship Between African American Enrollment and the Classroom Environment in Secondary Choral Music Programs

VICKI R. LIND is an Assistant Professor of Music Education at The University of California Los Angeles where she specializes in vocal music education. She received a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Music Education from The University of Arizona in Tucson. She also holds M.M.E. and B.M.E. degrees from Wichita State University. Vicki has extensive experience teaching at the university, secondary school, and elementary school levels. She has given numerous research and lecture presentations on a variety of topics including teaching and teacher education, vocal pedagogy, and technology instruction in music education. Vicki continues to work in public schools as a guest conductor and clinician, and she is currently involved in professional development programs designed to support arts education in the schools.

ABIGAIL BUTLER is Assistant Professor of Vocal Music Education at Wayne State University in Detroit where she conducts the Wayne State University Women’s Chorale and teachers graduate and undergraduate courses in music education. Abigail completed her undergraduate studies in voice performance at Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire. She received a Master of Music degree in voice performance from Midwestern State University in Texas and a Ph.D. in music education from the University of Arizona.