The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine in Israeli and Palestinian Narratives: A Discourse-Conceptual Analysis of Lexical Representation

Authors

  • Aladdin Assaiqeli Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2021/ju.v1i2.2333

Keywords:

1948, critical discourse studies (CDS), discourse-conceptual analysis (DCA), ethnic cleansing, Nakba, representation, lexical, The Palestine Question

Abstract

This paper juxtaposes and examines in a fresh light the genealogy of concepts (especially the labels Nakba and War of Independence, used by Palestinians and Israelis, respectively), to conceptualize and represent the ethnic cleansing of Palestine—a process that gathered momentum in 1948, and lead to both the displacement of the Palestinian people and the transformation of Mandate Palestine into present-day Israel. The article seeks to answer the question of whether these conceptualizations or labels are accurate in what they represent, and attendant repercussions. Utilizing a discourse-conceptual analysis framework, the article demonstrates how both of these lexical representations have mystified and perpetuated settler-colonialism. The article argues for a necessary counter-discourse that would rename and restructure the world’s understanding of key events in the continued ethnic cleansing of Palestine. The article concludes that the first step towards social change and decolonization entails a conceptual and discursive change in nationalist discourse: the key carrier of conceptual dynamics and change of social reality and history.

Keywords: The Palestine question, 1948, Nakba, CDA, critical discourse studies (CDS), discourse-
conceptual analysis (DCA), sister concepts, ethnic cleansing, lexical representation

Author Biography

Aladdin Assaiqeli, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Aladdin Assaiqeli is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Languages and Communication, Sultan Idris
Education University, Malaysia. He has more than fifteen years of international and interdisciplinary
experience of teaching, research, and engagement, in particular in the field of TESL, CDA, and
Linguistics. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in English Language and Literature, a Master’s degree in TESL
and a Doctoral degree in Applied Linguistics. His research interests include L2 pedagogy, language
learning and language acquisition, bilingualism and multilingualism, critical discourse analysis (CDA),
visual communication, and the Palestine Question. He has published scholarly and interdisciplinary
articles in various international journals, as well as poetry.

References

Assaiqeli, Aladdin. 2021. “Palestine in Visual Representation: A Visual Semiotic Analysis of the Nakba.” International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES) 20 (1).

Assaiqeli, Aladdin. 2020. “Palestine in UN Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis.” Journal for the Study of English Linguistics 8 (1): 1-22.

Assaiqeli, Aladdin. 2013. The linguistics of UN and Peace Discourse on the Palestine Question: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Germany: Scholars’ Press.

Al-Mesdi, Abdul Salam. (2007). al-siyassah wa sultet al-lughah [Politics and the Authority of Language]. Cairo: Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House.

Amin, Hussein Ahmed. (1994). al-Mawqif al-Hadari min al-Niza’at al- Deeniyya (Civilisational Attitude towards Religious Conflicts). Cairo: Sinai for Publishing.

Amer, Mosheer M. 2009. “‘Telling-it-like-it-is’: the delegitimation of the second Palestinian Intifada in Thomas Friedman’s discourse.’” Discourse & Society 20 (1): 5-31.

Amer, Mosheer M. 2012. “The discourse of homeland: the construction of Palestinian national identity in Palestinian secularist and Islamist discourses.” Critical Discourse Studies 9 (2): 117-131.

AL JAZEERA. 2017. “The Nakba did not start or end in 1948: Key facts and figures on the ethnic cleansing of Palestine.” https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/05/nakba-start-1948-170522073908625.html.

Bennabi, Malik. 1998. On the Origins of Human Society. Translated by Mahmed Tahir el-Mesawi. Kuala Lumpur- London- Toronto: The Open Press.

Cohn, Carol. (1987). “Slick ’ems, glick’ ems, Christmas trees and cookie cutters: nuclear language and how we learned to pat the bomb,” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 43 (June): 17-24.

Divine, Donna Robinson. 2008. “Introduction.” In Postcolonial Theory and the Arab-Israel Conflict, edited by Philip C. Salzman, & Donna .R. Divine, 1-11. London and New York: Routledge.

Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Translated by A.M. Sheridan Smith. London: Tavistock.

Finkelstein, Norman G. (2003). Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict (2nd edn.). London: Verso Books.

Fairclough, Norman. 1995. Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. London and NY: Longman.

Fairclough, Norman. 2001. Language and power (2nd edn.).London: Longman.

Firestone, Reuven. 2012. Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gavron, Daniel. 2004. The Other Side of Despair: Jews and Arabs in the Promised Land. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Gutwein, Danny. 2016. The Politics of the Balfour Declaration: Nationalism, imperialism and the limits of Zionist-British cooperation. Journal of Israeli History 35 (2): 117-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2016.1244100.

Herzl, Theodore. ([1896]1988). The Jewish State. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Ismail, Zulaiha. (n.d.). “Al Nakba - The Palestinian Holocaust.”

Johnstone, Barbara. 2002. Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.

Jeenah, Na’eem. (2012). Pretending Democracy: Israel, An Ethnocratic State. Johannesburg: Afro-Middle East Centre.

Krzyżanowski, Michal. 2014. “Values, imaginaries and templates of journalistic practice: A critical discourse analysis.” Social Semiotics 24 (3): 345–365.

Krzyżanowski, Michal. 2016. “Recontextualisation of neoliberalism and the increasingly conceptual nature of discourse: Challenges for critical discourse studies.” Discourse & Society 27(3): 308-321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926516630901.

Krzyżanowski, Michal. 2019. “Brexit and the imaginary of ‘crisis’: a discourse-conceptual analysis of European news media.” Critical Discourse Studies 16(4): 464-490.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1592001.

Lustick, Ian S. (2015). “Making Sense of the Nakba: Ari Shavit, Baruch Marzel, and Zionist Claims to Territory.” Journal of Palestine Studies 44 (2): 7–27. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2015.44.2.7. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.

Lutz, William. (1997). The New Doublespeak: Why No One Knows What Anyone's Saying Anymore. Harper Perennial.

Morris, Ben. 1988. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Montgomery, Martin, Alan Durant, Nigel Fabb, Tom Furniss, and Sara Mills. 1992. Ways of Reading: Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature. London and New York:

Routledge.

Masalha, Nur. 1992. Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of “Transfer” in Zionist Political Thought, 1882-1948. Washington DC: Institute for Palestine Studies.

Nunberg, Geoffrey. (2005). Going Nucular: Language, Politics, and Culture in Confrontational Times. New York: Public Affairs.

Orwell, George. ([1949] 2008). 1984. Mumbai: Wilco Publishing House.

Peled, Kobi. (2016). “The Battle of Red Hill: A Little-Known Episode of the 1948 War.” Journal of Palestine Studies 46 (1) (181): 20–33. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26378643. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020

Pappé, Ilan. 2006a. “The 1948 Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies 36 (1): 6-20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2006.36.1.6.

Pappé, Ilan. 2006b. The ethnic cleansing of Palestine. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

Pappé, Ilan. (2009). “The Vicissitudes of the 1948 Historiography of Israel.” Journal of Palestine Studies 39 (1): 6–23. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2010.xxxix.1.6. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.

Rosner, D. (2018). “The Defense of the Indefensible”: The Uses and Abuses of Words in Contemporary Public Health Policy. The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 00, No. 0, 2018 (pp. 1-4)

Rai, Neetij and Bikash Thapa. (n.d.). A Study on Purposive Sampling Method in Research. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.academia.edu/28087388/.

Saleh, Mohsen M. 2003. Filastin: dirasatmanhajiyahfil-qadiyah al Filastiniyah [Palestine: Methodological studies on the Palestine Question]. Egypt: Arab Media Center.

Schulze, Kristen E. 2008. The Arab-Israeli Conflict (2nd edn.). Longman.

Shihade, Magid. (2012). “Settler Colonialism and Conflict: The Israeli State and its Palestinian Subjects.” In settler colonial studies, edited by Omar Jabary Salamanca, Menza Qato, Kareem Rabie, & Sobhi Samour, 2,1. Hawthorn, Australia: Swinburne Institute for Social Research.

Simpson, Paul. 1993. Language, Ideology and Point of View. London and NY: Routledge.

Thomas, Linda, Shân Wareing, Ishtla Singh, Jean S. Peccei, Joanna Thornborrow, and Jason Jones. 2004. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction (2nd edn.). USA and Canada: Routledge.

Titscher, Stefan, Michael Meyer, Ruth Wodak, and Eva Vetter. 2000. Methods of text and discourse analysis. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

Van Dijk, T.A. (2008). Discourse and Power. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Van Leeuwen, Theo. 2007. Legitimation in discourse and communication. Discourse & Communication, 1 (1), 91–112.

Walsh, Daniel J. 2009. “Teaching the Formative History of Political Zionism (1897-1947) through Poster Art: A New Curriculum Model for the American High School.” Accessed October 16, 2018. https://www.slideshare.net

/PalestinePosterProject/new-curriculum.

Wodak, Ruth, and Michael Meyer. 2009. “Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology.” In Methods of critical discourse analysis (2nd edn.), edited by Ruth Wodak, and Michael Meyer, 1-33. London: Sage.

Yasin, Khalid. 2003. What Do You Really Know about Islam? Australia: One Islam Productions.

Downloads

Published

2022-06-30