2024-03-28T21:36:58Z
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/index/oai
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/34
2009-08-19T23:01:59Z
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"090817 2009 eng "
1920-5473
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Joey Smallwood: The Industry Talks Back
Tobin, Justin
Memorial University of Newfoundland
How far can an individual’s influence and decisions affect the economy of a province? This paper endeavours to argue, through an individual level of analysis of Joseph R. Smallwood, for the influence of his 23-year reign on the political economy of Newfoundland. Smallwood’s intentions for Newfoundland’s economic development were of noble cause, but because of his urgency to “develop or perish” the plans just perished. Smallwood’s strong personality and nationalistic perspective led him to make irrational decisions that may have seemed potentially beneficial to the province in his mind, and in theory, but with a habit of going into a plan head strong and under researched, what started as an economically beneficial strategy would incur even more debt on the province.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/34
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/35
2009-08-19T23:02:35Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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Asymmetry-lite? The Constitutional Status of the “Terms of Union” for British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador
O'Flaherty, Liam
Memorial University of Newfoundland
"Terms of Union" exist between the federal government of Canada and three Canadian provinces: British Columbia (1871), Prince Edward Island (1873), and Newfoundland and Labrador (1949). These documents once paved the way for three provinces to join Confederation. But they have also since been amended several times, and occasionally become sites of political controversy. While it is not clear that these documents are “treaties”, they do impose unique legal, constitutional and political obligations and rights on the signatory governments – obligations and rights which may not exist for other provinces. The function of these Terms of Union agreements is described and analyzed by comparing the case studies of the British Columbia railway dispute in the late 19th century and denominational education reforms in 1990s Newfoundland and Labrador. These events show not only that Terms of Union remain relevant in any discussion of constitution politics in the provinces where they exist, they are also sources of asymmetical federalism.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/35
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/36
2009-08-19T23:03:05Z
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1920-5473
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Through Individualistic Criticisms: The Need for the Canadian Welfare System
Stanley, Sarah
Memorial University of Newfoundland
With the ever evolving international environment, individual stability is becoming a more pressing concern. Free trade and globalization have made the average person more interconnected and aware of people from different regions, countries and even continents. The changes from an industrial based economy to a service or information based economy, have transformed the nature of Western society. Citizens can travel more freely from one country to another, working in their specific field or taking a new job altogether. Traditional sectors have suffered with this change. The average citizen is no longer working 30-40 years at the same job. The current economic crisis in the United States has also impacted individual feelings of security. In this insecure and ever changing economic environment, one can pose the question as to whether the Canadian welfare state has become more of a problem than a solution in the new global, information-based economy. Even though the world has become even more unsecure and unstable, citizens can take comfort in knowing that their government is taking care of at least some of their pressing concerns with the social welfare state, allowing Canadians reassurance that some services will always be available for them. This research paper will argue that while the nature of the Canadian economy has changed, the welfare state is still an integral part of everyday life, giving the average Canadian a feeling of security in this turbulent time.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/36
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/37
2009-08-19T23:03:29Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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Manipulations of Cambodian Nationalism: From French Colonial Rule to Current Polity
Grant, Hilary
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This paper analyzes the sources of and problems arising from Cambodian nationalism. It considers four different political regimes: French colonial rule, the reign of Prince Sihanouk, the Khmer Rouge regime and the UNTAC period. Each of these periods demonstrated that nationalist sentiments can easily be transformed and influenced by political players. The paper also points to the role nationalism plays in internal and external conflicts. In analysing these periods it establishes the pillars of Cambodian nationalism as the burden felt by the modern Khmer to live up to the glories of the ancient Angkorian empire and the concept of the morally superior ethnic Khmer. It concludes that Cambodian nationalism has been vertically imposed on the general population by powerful elites to negative ends.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/37
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/38
2009-08-19T23:03:58Z
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1920-5473
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Israel’s Foreign Policy and its Intelligence Failure in 1973
O'Toole, Maggie
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Israel, since its declaration of independence, has taken a realist perspective in its foreign policy. Yet, despite the offensive realist nature of its foreign policy, it suffered a near defeat in the Yom Kippur War in 1973. Research shows despite signals of an impending Arab threat at the time, Israel choose inaction because of a combination of external and internal factors. The internal factors were precipitated primarily as a result of the Israel’s landslide victory in the Six-Day War in 1967, whereas the external factors mainly focused on themes of secrecy and deception. Uri Bar-Joseph, however, presents new evidence that negates the importance of secrecy and deception as a reason for Israel’s intelligence failure. He provides evidence that Israel’s inaction in 1973 resulted because of key intelligence specialists psychological shortcomings; Bar?Joseph uses Kruglanski’s Theory of Lay Epistemics to support this observation. This theory examines the judgement process and links it with the need for closure, and Bar-Joseph cites this theory in explanation of the judgment decisions of key intelligence officers.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/38
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/39
2009-08-19T23:04:27Z
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1920-5473
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Nuclear Imminence in Contemporary Indo?Pakistani Conflict
Tobin, Anna
Memorial University of Newfoundland
November of 2008 saw frightening attacks on India’s foreigners. Over the course of three days, hostages had been taken, hotels and restaurants in India’s busiest city of Mumbai were burned and English, American and Canadian citizens lay among the nearly 200 dead. Pakistani terrorists were arrested and held accountable for this act of brutality. However, it seemed that tensions had just begun. The upset of peace in Indo-Pakistani relations fuelled the international communities’ fear of a nuclear war between the two nations. This paper will address this concern and discover that such acts of terrorism do not reflect nuclear imminence due to tensions between the Indian and Pakistani states. However, they do reflect unrest within Indian and Pakistani civil society; a civil society that is both tied and fragmented by ethnic and religious identity. The fear of nuclear war in this historically conflicted region of South East Asia may aid in the plight for peace by forcing these states to accept international norms and treaties on nuclear proliferation.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/39
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/40
2009-08-19T23:05:00Z
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1920-5473
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Coverage of European Union Treaties in Canada’s National Newspapers
Callanan, Tim
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This article analyzes the coverage of three European Union (EU) treaties by the National Post and the Globe and Mail. News articles concerning the treaties are categorized as political or economic in focus, and editorials as positive or negative. The article argues that despite typically focusing on the EU as an economic body, the newspapers tend to report on EU treaties as political events, giving little attention to their economic implications. The article also argues that the newspapers adhere to their ideological tendencies when reporting on EU treaties, the National Post being more critical of EU integration and the Globe and Mail being largely supportive of it.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/40
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/41
2009-08-19T23:05:22Z
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1920-5473
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Locke and Rousseau: Government Operations in Civil Society
Walsh, Matthew
Memorial University of Newfoundland
During the 19th century, and particularly the early years following the French Revolution, many theorists sought to completely redefine how government functioned, in hopes of bringing about a lasting new change to society. Even within this context, it is hard to imagine a more radical proposal for the functioning of government than Rousseau’s Social Contract. The idea of a government with complete authority over all matters of society, yet consistently ‘checked’ through the power of the ‘general will’, and yearly assemblies comprised of every citizen in society, is one theory that has not had much influence on Western democracies.
In stark contrast to this, was the version of government put forth by John Locke, which while agreeing with Rousseau concerning the dangers of the ‘state of nature’, or an un-governed population, presented what has appeared to be the template for Western democracies today. A form of government not based on absolute power, but instead on a series of ‘standing laws’, specifically designed to counter this very thing.
This essay investigates these two opposing viewpoints, proposed by Rousseau and Locke in The Social Contract, and the Second Treatise of Government. Special thanks to Professor Michael Wallack of the Political Science department at Memorial University for his information concerning both these theorists and their respective views of government.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/41
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/42
2009-08-19T23:06:06Z
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1920-5473
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Collective Action and Responses to Poor?Quality Recycling in St. John’s
Williams, Mark
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This paper discusses the lack of proper recycling programs in St John’s, NL and explains the relevance of collective action and rational choice theories in addressing the matter. The city has done a poor job of implementing proper recycling programs, and is one of only two provincial capitals that does not offer a government-funded curb?side recycling program. While some private recycling programs do exist in the city, they are inefficient and thus viewed by the populace as a waste of time. As most people believe that their individual waste contributions will not make much difference to the overall state of the environment, waste continues to accumulate and negatively impact the environment, as well as the image and state of the city. Collective action theory, as discussed by Ostrom, offers several possible solutions, such as privatization of territory or discussion amongst the populace. Unfortunately, such solutions are impractical for this particular problem. The government must step in and impose a recycling “Leviathan” by implementing mandatory recycling and forcing citizens to recycle or be left with their own refuse. Only by making recycling a self-interested priority for the populace will St John’s be able to improve its waste management practices.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2009-08-17 19:23:27
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/42
Mapping Politics; Vol. 1 (2009): Winter 2009
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/49
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
MP:ART
"120126 2012 eng "
1920-5473
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The Minuteman Project: Affective Entrepreneurship and the Securitization of the US/Mexico Border
Kirkpatrick, Erika Marie
Memorial University Political Science
Since the late 1990s border studies have focused on the intersubjective nature of borders, specifically focusing on bordering processes; the ways in which borders are demarcated and forged by agents and actors. Border studies also focus on borders as loci of sovereignty as well as loci of securitization. This paper investigates the consequences of applying affect theory for the theoretical categories of sovereignty and securitization. It does so by offering a new theoretical category: the affective entrepreneur. It identifies the potential of vigilante citizen border patrol groups, especially their leaders, to be affective entrepreneurs and then enact a downward shift of sovereignty onto themselves in the face of a perceived failure of the 'sovereign' to respond to a perceived threat. It outlines future avenues of research for the affective turn in securitization theory.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/49
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/190
2010-12-15T02:46:05Z
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1920-5473
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The Necessity for Reform of Newfoundland and Labrador's Housing Policies
Scott, Colin
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This paper examines the potential of legislative and non-legislative reform to Newfoundland and Labrador's housing policies. In particular, attention is paid to legislative rental control, legislative tenancy protection programs and the necessity of providing subsidy programs to landlords and development groups to provide incentives for the private market to assist in developing affordable housing options.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/190
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/191
2010-12-15T02:46:05Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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A Historical Institutional Perspective on Public Policy and Employment Insurance in Rural Newfoundland
Vickers, Adam
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Why does Employment Insurance play such a dominant role in rural Newfoundland communities? This article gives readers a brief overview of the history of public policy making in rural Newfoundland and Labrador and how it has contributed to the dependence of E.I. It looks at the Smallwood Era of development, a history of the fishery with regards to E.I development, and a brief overview of the failed decentralized decision making model for rural Newfoundland and Labrador during the 1990s. Using Historical Institutionalism the article shows how the evolution of the institution of employment insurance and how it transformed to become an income supplement program instead of its original purpose of an employment insurance program.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/191
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/192
2010-12-15T02:46:05Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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Judicial Review and the Strength of the Courts to Affect Policy in Europe
Campbell, Xaiver Michael
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This article is based on the notion that judicial review is an integral institution in any country. The ability of the courts to exercise judicial review is thought to be influenced by the political culture of the country. To theoretically reinforce perceptions on judicial review the theory of institutionalism is employed. Specifically, this paper mentions two approaches to institutionalism: rational choice institutionalism and historical institutionalism. Ultimately, the tenets of historical institutionalism are the backbone of this article.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/192
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/193
2010-12-15T02:46:05Z
MP:ART
"101214 2010 eng "
1920-5473
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After Lisbon: A More Political European Union
King, Brad R.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This article argues that with the full implementation of the Lisbon Treaty - a process due to unfold over the next decade - the EU will become more politically integrated. It develops a model to determine degrees of EU political integration, asserting that the degree of integration is determined by the amount of individual member-state control in the decision-making process. It concerns policy areas of a political character with control being defined as the ability of individual member states to alter the outcome of the decision-making process. For the purpose of gauging control, the developed model outlines three ‘decision-making settings', which this article then uses to demonstrate that it is through the introduction of institutional changes that the fully implemented Lisbon Treaty increases EU political integration.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/193
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/194
2010-12-15T02:46:05Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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Why Canada Did Not Go To War in Iraq: A Hegemonic Discourse Analysis
Holmlund, Jonas
Aberystwyth University
This essay discusses from a post-structuralist perspective why Canada did not participate in the United States-led war against Iraq in 2003 from a post-structuralist perspective. The essay argues that the question “why” must be understood through the discourse formed by the US which aimed for international governance and how this discourse related and worked together with a Canadian identity and genealogy. A Canadian identity in the form of a long tradition of both integrated relationship with the US and a commitment to multilateral co-operations like the United Nations. Furthermore, that the key factor to answer the question “why” lies in how the US failed to produce and uphold a hegemonic discourse that had enough power to limit Canada’s framework, wherein they could act.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/194
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/195
2011-01-06T04:08:43Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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The Potential of Positioning: Assessing New Directions for an Integrated, Feminist International Political Economy
Aylward, Erin
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Feminist analyses of International Political Economy (IPE) currently face a significant epistemological challenge. By seeking to engage with mainstream political economists, feminist IPE scholars have narrowed the interdisciplinary approach that is common in most contemporary feminist scholarship to instead focus almost exclusively on the effects of neoliberal globalization. However, this focus has proved unsuccessful in garnering the interest of most mainstream international political economists and has isolated these scholars from feminist research in other disciplines. This paper argues that feminist IPE could gain significant leverage within its field by employing an interdisciplinary approach that links broader feminist issue such as violence against women to political economy. This is examined by reviewing some of the major feminist works in IPE and assessing their reception within the field of IPE. Next, the potential for broader feminist issues to garner mainstream attention in IPE is assessed by evaluating the economic implications of violence against women. In altering their epistemology to include a broader feminist analysis, feminist IPE scholars can effectively illustrate the need for feminist analysis in IPE while also wedding their research to the rich, interdisciplinary research of feminists in other fields.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/195
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/196
2010-12-15T02:46:05Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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It's (Almost) All In Your Head: The Materiality of Ideas in Marxist Social Analysis
Brown, Drew
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This article is an exegesis of the works of Karl Marx and other Marxist theoreticians concerning how ideological constructions play a role in the formation of social relations of production and the reproduction of these relations. It conceptualises how this understanding of the functioning of ideology fits theoretically into the historical materialist methodology.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/196
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/197
2010-12-15T02:46:05Z
MP:ART
1920-5473
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Discourses of Remembrance
Kirkpatrick, Erika Marie
University of Ottawa
This article uses the post-structural approach to analyze primary sources about Remembrance Day. Through deconstruction of the use of language in media sources from the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom this piece reviles the relationship between how societies discuss war and their willingness to use force in international relations. The use of binary pairs and dichotomization of language allow for this piece to explore the political implications of what it terms the "Remembrance Day Discourse."
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2010-12-14 18:46:05
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/197
Mapping Politics; Vol. 2 (2010): Winter 2010
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/200
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
MP:ART
"120126 2012 eng "
1920-5473
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The Nature of Our Demise: A Social Constructivist Analysis of Neoliberal Barriers to Development
Porter, Trinalynn Leslie
The paper seeks to understand through a social constructivist lens how development strategies have been largely enforced by already developed states, serving their interests above affecting change. Specifically, neoliberal ideology is examined as pervasive through the socialization mechanism of change using the examples of Structural Adjustment Programs and Millennium Development Goals. The process in which development is defined, created, revised and adopted has lasting implications on the success level achieved. Understanding this process as socially constructed is an important step towards alternative development strategies.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/200
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/207
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
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"120126 2012 eng "
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The Failure of Copenhagen: A Neo-Liberal Institutionalist Perspective
King, Brad R.
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today, an issue that requires a global solution. It is for this reason that a UN Conference on Climate Change (COP 15) was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, with the objective of producing a legally binding international climate change agreement. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which the theoretical perspective referred to as neo-liberal institutionalism, explains the failure of the Copenhagen Summit—as it is commonly known—to produce a binding international agreement. This paper argues that, within the neo-liberal institutionalist framework, it is quite possible to provide a compelling explanation regarding the failure of Copenhagen. This, it is argued, is due to the fact that two ‘situational dimensions’ identified by the proponents of this theoretical perspective, as ‘affecting the propensity of actors to cooperate’—the payoff structure and the length of the shadow of the future —provide useful tools for determining why cooperation broke down at the conference; and, thus, why a binding agreement was not produced.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/207
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/216
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
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"120126 2012 eng "
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Sachs, Easterly and the Banality of the Aid Effectiveness Debate: Time to Move On
Miller, Daniel
Abstract: The debate over the effectiveness in foreign aid has existed for decades. Recently it has come to the fore due to the prominence of work and subsequent publicity of Jeffrey Sachs and William Easterly. The debate these two carry out in the public eye is both sensational and polarized. However, an investigation of the academic literature in which Sachs and Easterly’s arguments are rooted reveals just as much polarization. Dozens and dozens of studies produced over the past fifty years have assessed the relationship between foreign aid and growth through econometric analysis of cross-country (or “macro”) data relating the two variables. These studies have consistently turned up inconclusive or contradictory results. At the same time, there is a growing body of research that seeks to determine when and why aid is effective by looking at projects and programs on a case-by-case (or “micro”) level. This paper argues that the debate brought into prominence by Sachs and Easterly, the debate around macro-level data and the question of aid’s effectiveness in general, is both empirically irresolvable and practically irrelevant. Indeed, it is time to move beyond the banality of the aid effectiveness debate.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/216
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/217
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
MP:ART
"120126 2012 eng "
1920-5473
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Reassessing Rousseau’s Cultural Thought: The Letter to d’Alembert on the Theatre
Walsh, Matthew
An analysis of Rousseau's cultural and artistic ideas, as taken from the famous Letter to d'Alembert on the Theater. The relation between art and society is examined in keeping with Rousseau's political thought, and contrasts are drawn with the present Western system of democracy.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/217
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/224
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
MP:ART
"120126 2012 eng "
1920-5473
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Political Marketing in the UK and Canada: A Comparative Study of the British Labour and Canadian Conservative parties
Gray, Evan
Through the lens of the Lees-Marshment framework, this article compares and contrasts the evolution of the British Labour Party from 1979 to 1997 and the Canadian Conservative Party from 2004 to 2006, finding many similarities between the two. Owing to their employment of the tools of political marketing, both parties would abandon ideological policies that notably deviated from those of the center, precipitating the defeat of their long-time incumbents.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/224
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/228
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
MP:ART
"120126 2012 eng "
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Peacekeepers or Perpetrators? An analysis of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) by UN personnel in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Gilliard, Natalie
Memorial University
Peacekeepers or Perpetrators examines the complex international problem of Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (SEA) committed by UN peacekeepers in the conflict-ravaged area of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In particular, this paper uses feminist theory to break the problem down into its smaller components, including looking at the nature of the UN mission and the patriarchal structure of the international system. It uses gender as an analytical tool in order to view SEA as not simply a security issue but as a nuanced phenomenon arising from the intersection of gender, culture and conflict.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/228
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
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oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/230
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
MP:ART
"120126 2012 eng "
1920-5473
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Class, Agency and Action: The Class Distortion in Public Policy Formulation Respecting Worker’s Compensation and the St. Lawrence Fluorspar Mines
Aylward, Meaghan
The workers' compensation policies for the mine workers of St. Lawrence has received considerable attention with regards to the vast social repercussions. Little emphasis has been placed on how these inadequate policies were generated. This paper thus focuses on the public policy processes that shaped the worker's compensation policy with regards to the St. Lawrence fluorspar mines. Through outlining how class shaped the early stages of the policy process, it is argued that class was a primary force that fundamentally determined the policy response.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/230
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
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oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/318
2012-01-26T09:09:02Z
MP:ART
"120126 2012 eng "
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Influencing Our Decisions: Why Quotas Are Accepted by the Public in the Bureaucracy and Not In Legislatures
Mansour, Riham
The Canadian public has offered little protest to the implementation of quotas for women in the bureaucracy while giving diminutive thought to the introduction of quotas in legislatures. This paper first examines the underrepresentation of women in politics, the nature and the existence of quotas in Canada, as well as the public opinion towards them. To understand what affects public opinion, the examination of elite framing and socialization by the effective majority of the public was necessary. The result of this work is the acknowledgement that bureaucratic quotas are considered legitimate due to elite framing; however, the possibility of legislative quotas is unknown to the public as a result of an absence of both elite framing and socialization by an effective majority of the population.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-01-26 01:09:02
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/318
Mapping Politics; Vol. 3 (2011): Winter 2011
eng
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oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/365
2012-10-03T21:48:36Z
MP:ART
"120925 2012 eng "
1920-5473
dc
The Ultimate Weapon against Genetic Discrimination: Comprehensive Genetic Anti-Discrimination Legal Package
Habet, Jessica Lelani
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Biotechnology is speedily developing in the twenty-first century. Unfortunately, the law is notorious for its inability to remain at par with technological developments. In this paper, I address the issue of genetic discrimination as a result of the advancements of genetic technologies. I demonstrate how genetic discrimination occurs and stress the importance of preventative laws. Canadian law has lagged behind the legal systems of other countries in adapting to the advancement of technologies. Thus, I offer a comprehensive package which can be utilized to prevent genetic discrimination in Canada.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-09-25 15:12:59
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/365
Mapping Politics; Vol. 4 (2012): Winter 2012
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/366
2012-09-25T22:12:59Z
MP:ART
"120925 2012 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Choosing the Who, the What, and the How: Maximizing Accountability and Representation through European Electoral Systems
Simms, Candace
Memorial University of Newfoundland
The question of whether or not it is possible to maximize both responsibility and representation is a potentially problematic one. This paper first explores what is meant by responsibility and representation, and then moves on to an examination of different electoral systems in an effort to develop an idea of how the maximization of both responsibility and representation can occur. By considering both the main characteristics and specific examples of each type of electoral system – plurality and majority system, and proportional representation (PR) systems – it becomes evident that the maximization of both responsibility and representation is possible.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-09-25 15:12:59
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/366
Mapping Politics; Vol. 4 (2012): Winter 2012
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/367
2012-09-25T22:12:59Z
MP:ART
"120925 2012 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Assessing International Cooperation on Climate Change: A Neoliberal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Formal International Environmental Institutions
Collins, Jeremiah
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This article examines the efficacy of formal international institutions in fostering international cooperation on climate change. It criticizes realist assertions that institutions are of marginal importance in the Hobbesian self-help world of international politics, and maintains that existing institutional frameworks have facilitated progress on climate change in numerous ways. Despite this progress, however, the article concludes that it has been suboptimal in terms of what is actually needed to prevent dangerous anthropogenic warming of the earth's climate, and that further empirical study of these formal institutions is necessary in order to improve climate outcomes through rational institutional design.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-09-25 15:12:59
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/367
Mapping Politics; Vol. 4 (2012): Winter 2012
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/368
2012-09-25T22:12:59Z
MP:ART
"120925 2012 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Realism, Liberalism and the Democratic Peace
Carmichael, Callum Petrie
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Much has been written both against, and in favour of, the evidence for the democratic peace theory. Advocates point to the relatively strong empirical evidence provided by two centuries virtually free of war between liberal-democratic states, while critics attempt to redefine the theory in order to discredit it, and point to the handful of exceptions as proof against it. The purpose of this paper is to expose the logical errors of which the theory's critics are guilty. Furthermore, it will use the Five-Day War between Georgia and the Russian Federation as a case study to prove that even apparent exceptions can still prove the rule.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-09-25 15:12:59
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/368
Mapping Politics; Vol. 4 (2012): Winter 2012
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/369
2012-09-25T22:12:59Z
MP:ART
"120925 2012 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Sociological, Psychological, and Political Factors Behind the Informal Economy: Recommendations for Successful Development Policy
Scott, Colin
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Informal economic activity is an inevitability that occurs around the world. There is a strong correlation between a region's level of development and the size of its informal economy. Although informal economies exist in both the developed and the developing world, they are more significant to the everyday lives of individuals in the Global South. This paper examines the ways in which sociological, psychological and political factors mediate the pervasiveness of the informal economy. Here, the argument is made that the objectives of development policy can more effectively meet the needs of the developing world if policy-makers work to reduce both the barriers to formal activity and the incentives to operate informally.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-09-25 15:12:59
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/369
Mapping Politics; Vol. 4 (2012): Winter 2012
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/370
2012-09-25T22:12:59Z
MP:ART
"120925 2012 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Mothers and Whores: The Relationship between Popular Culture and Women in Politics
White, Sydney
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This research paper argues that the intimate link between popular culture stereotypes and the media manifests in, and influences, the experience of women in politics. It analyses two major stereotypes and applies these themes to the 2008 campaign coverage of Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin. These examples are used to support the argument that female politicians receive asymmetrical media treatment relative to their peers as a result of popular culture stereotyping.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2012-09-25 15:12:59
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/370
Mapping Politics; Vol. 4 (2012): Winter 2012
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/910
2013-11-18T17:57:47Z
MP:ART
"131112 2013 eng "
1920-5473
dc
'Tear Down These Walls': Economic Globalisation and the Future of Interstate War
Sullivan, Michael Rolland
Memorial University of Newfoundland
The past 70 years have witnessed unbroken interstate peace between great powers and an immense increase in international economic activity. The relationship between these two developments, and the wider relationship between economic activity and peace between states, has been a subject of immense inquiry in international relations. In attempting to discern a causal link in this area, this essay will ask “does increased international economic activity, namely trade and foreign investment, reduce the likelihood of interstate war?” This essay will examine commercial liberal and oppositional viewpoints and then argue that increased international economic activity decreases the likelihood of interstate war, particularly when the economic relationships between states are institutionalised, open, and market-based.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2013-11-18 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/910
Mapping Politics; Vol. 5 (2013): Winter 2013
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/911
2013-11-18T17:57:48Z
MP:ART
"131112 2013 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Liberal Theory and the European Union
Carmichael, Callum Petrie
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Liberal theory in international relations predicts that states who are linked by trade, membership in international organizations, and shared democratic government will tend to
become increasingly peaceful and cooperative. In this paper, I will examine the validity of this prediction in relation to the European Union.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2013-11-18 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/911
Mapping Politics; Vol. 5 (2013): Winter 2013
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/912
2013-11-18T17:57:48Z
MP:ART
"131112 2013 eng "
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dc
Crossing Concepts: A Critical Examination of Liberal Peace-building in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Fleet, Michael Joshua
Memorial University of Newfoundland
The rebuilding of a state after conflict is a difficult task and must be constantly critiqued to avoid repeating errors of the past. This paper critically examines Liberal Peacebuilding
within Bosnia-Herzegovina. It first views the history and context of what brought about the peacebuilding mission, and then it explains Liberal Peacebuilding and its issues. Finally, it
moves to examine possible ways to absolve these problems. By examining the issues within Liberal Peacebuilding, it becomes apparent that these must be resolved so as to avoid the same issues within states in the future.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2013-11-18 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/912
Mapping Politics; Vol. 5 (2013): Winter 2013
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/913
2013-11-18T17:57:48Z
MP:ART
"131112 2013 eng "
1920-5473
dc
'What's There to Lose?' Procurement Policies and Investment Restrictions Under a Proposed Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
Scott, Colin
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Canada and the European Union (EU) have recently concluded a fifth round of negotiations on an ambitious Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement (CETA). While both parties are anticipating an agreement to be reached sometime in 2011, this paper outlines two aspects of Canadian economic policy that cast doubt on whether the negotiations of such a comprehensive treaty will be successful. By examining the conflicting effects a CETA will
have on Canada's economic trade strategy, as well as how Canada's provinces will be affected by the inability to strategically use local favouritism in the areas of procurement and investment, this paper examines why it is unlikely that a CETA will be reached by 2011
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2013-11-18 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/913
Mapping Politics; Vol. 5 (2013): Winter 2013
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/914
2013-11-18T17:57:49Z
MP:ART
"131112 2013 eng "
1920-5473
dc
The role of national identity in determining proposals for devolution in the United Kingdom
Riche, Terrence
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This article examines national identity in the three sub-state units of the United Kingdom which were granted devolved powers in 1998 (Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland). This
article argues that national identity provides a compelling explanation for why powers were devolved asymmetrically, as compared to federal states where powers are generally uniform at the sub-state level.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2013-11-18 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/914
Mapping Politics; Vol. 5 (2013): Winter 2013
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1410
2014-10-20T17:30:51Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
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dc
Introduction
Kelly, Michael
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Contents and author bios.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1410
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1411
2014-10-10T17:49:23Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
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dc
Is freedom of the press required for a liberal democracy: A case study of Mexico’s freedom of the press and democracy
Barrett, Joshua
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Democracies within states have become more predominant than at any other point in history. Whether this shift is directing towards liberal democracies, however, has yet to be determined. This article focuses on freedom of the press and how it is required for a liberal democracy. Using Mexico as a case study, this paper identifies how a state is unable to excel in its democratic principles without the virtues of a free press. Using the Freedom House dataset, countries are categorized by their level of democracy against their level of free press. Although Mexico holds many democratic values, this paper concludes that a country cannot be truly democratic without adequate freedom of the press.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1411
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1412
2014-10-20T17:56:08Z
MP:ART
"141020 2014 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Nationalism and Multi-ethnic Governance in Bosnia-Herzegovina Methods of Multi-Ethnic Government: A Study of Consociationalism and Centripetalism
Fleet, Michael Joshua
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Organizing a state's government is a difficult task, let alone for a state split along tense ethnic lines. This essay examines two methods of governing diversity within a state, consociationalism and centripetalism, while focusing on Bosnia-Herzegovina. The essay finds that with the circumstance’s facing the elites in the state, neither method would be able to work properly without the intensive international military and political presence within the ethnically divided state.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1412
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1413
2014-10-10T17:49:23Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Socio-economic Inequality and the Rational Candidate
Wesley, Kathryn
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Socio-economic inequalities began increasing in many Western-liberal democratic countries, including Canada and the United States, approximately three decades ago. The middle class has become polarized leading to an income gap and shift of the median voter. Accordingly, the question of when it will become “rational” for a candidate to campaign on the issue of economic inequality is analysed in this paper. Through the use of rational choice theory, it becomes apparent that when the median voter shifts to a lower socio-economic stratum, candidates will find it rational to campaign on the issue of socio-economic inequality. An analysis of the 2012 US Presidential election campaign and the November 2013 by-election of Toronto-Centre provide empirical support for when socio-economic inequality becomes a rational choice for candidates and parties to campaign on.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1413
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1414
2014-10-10T17:49:23Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
1920-5473
dc
The Rise of China: What Makes It A Threat to East Asian States?
Huang, Limingcui (Emma)
Memorial University of Newfoundland
The China threat theory has been prevalent in recent years. Focusing on each of the four East Asian states, this article examines why China is perceived as a threat. This article discusses the origin of China’s rapid economic development and the resulting growing competition in themarket. Studying domestic and international commercial statistics, this article analyzes how East Asian states have become economically dependent on, and thus menaced by, the rising China. Then, this article proceeds to evaluate how a strengthened economy empowers China in military tactics and political influence. Comparing the financial input for military building and influence on governmental negotiations, this article reveals the intense relations between China and surrounding states over the matter of regional stability. This article also shows that heavy reliance on China for economic development has rendered the states and relevant organizations to accommodate China in policy-making, hence increasing China’s influence and its neighbouring states’ unease.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1414
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1415
2014-10-10T17:49:23Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
1920-5473
dc
"Queerly Beloved, We are Gathered here Today….”: An Examination of the Extension of Rights to Sexual Minorities in Latin America
McLean, Karalena
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Given the history of the region, the extension of rights to sexual minorities in Latin America may be somewhat unexpected. That being said, the “domino effect” of both negative and positive rights to the LGBT community has been quick and progressive in comparison to other regions. An interesting theoretical gap emerges when in trying to explain the extension of rights in the region, considering the historically strong influence of the Catholic Church as well the role of “machismo” as an informal institution. Using a historical institutionalist framework, this paper argues that the recent “domino effect” of rights being extended to sexual minorities in the region can be best explained by significant changes to the political opportunity structure, which include: the transition to democracy, the framing of the issue in terms of citizenship and human rights, the shift to the left in the region which allowed for strategic alliance building, and finally, the decreasing ability of the Catholic Church to act as a veto-player in terms of the policy process in the region.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1415
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1416
2014-10-10T17:49:23Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
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dc
Foundationalism and Anti-Foundationalism in International Relations Theory: A Possible Synthesis?
Romaniuk, Scott Nicholas
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Much has been written about the field of International Relations (IR) in both substantive and methodological terms. One of the most contentious aspects of the IR as a scholarly discipline revolves around one deceptively simplistic query: what is IR about? A number of so-called “Great Debates” have played out in the field yet few have assumed as prominent a position as the foundationalism (F)/anti-foundationalism (AF) debate. A considerable point of friction can be identified between competing theories responding to interpretations of the nature of IR. Some assert that common ground enabling academics to critique rival “truth claims” does exist. That same ground facilitates, however, an understanding that there can be none beyond a theory acting as a neutral arbiter between them. This article depicts this what Smith (1995) referred to as a “most exciting debate.” It presents a possible solution provided by Monteiro
and Ruby (2009), showing the problematique arising from their solution of postfoundationalism.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1416
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1417
2014-10-10T17:49:23Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Rawls’ Theory of Justice: An Improvement upon the Utilitarian Doctrine
Dyke, Laura
Memorial University of Newfoundland
John Rawls’ theory of justice provided a revolutionary conception of the justice system and the morals behind it. As a solution to the deadlock of utilitarian and intuitionist theories of justice, it presented a superior explanation, which relied less upon seemingly unfounded assumptions of human nature having an inherent interest in pursuing the greater good. For the purposes of this argument, John Stuart Mills’ conception of utilitarian justice is compared to Rawls’ theory.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1417
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1418
2014-10-10T17:49:23Z
MP:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Applications of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory within Historical Institutionalism
Siscoe, Ryley
Memorial University of Newfoundland
There are many discussions and debates within the field of Historical Institutionalism. From institutional creation to change, there is significant disagreement about how to combine the many different ideas being proposed by varying academics within this area of study. These ideas include concepts such as punctuated equilibrium, path dependency, long term temporal analysis, and institutional dynamism. Many of these concepts are variations of ideas found within
Darwin’s theory of evolution. By applying this theory, I will connect these different ideas within Historical Institutionalism – and present a novel way to look at institutions: species within an environment.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2014-10-10 10:49:23
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1418
Mapping Politics; Vol. 6 (2014): Fall 2014
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1732
2017-02-09T17:34:22Z
MP:ART
"170105 2017 eng "
1920-5473
dc
A Feminist Critique on the Limits of Rawls
Arsenault, Conor
Memorial University of Newfoundland
The general aim of this paper is to elaborate on the political philosophy of John Rawls, specifically his concepts such as the original position, the veil of ignorance, and the difference principle. In clarifying these concepts, it will be shown why Rawls has been so influential in the field of political philosophy. The specific aim of this paper, though, is to critique his theory of justice, often termed “justice as fairness,” as insufficient in dealing with gender inequality in society, such as the exploitation of women within the institution of the family. In doing so, a paradox will be presented, showing Rawls’ continual inability to back his claim that the principles of justice do not apply to the family, but that the family is imperative in cultivating one’s sense of justice. Realizing this, it will be argued that it is unjust for Rawls’ theory of justice to be applied in a society that believes in gender equality, as it is in opposition to feminist scholarship.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-02-09 09:34:22
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1732
Mapping Politics; Vol. 7 (2016): Fall 2016
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1733
2017-02-09T17:34:22Z
MP:ART
"170105 2017 eng "
1920-5473
dc
If You Can't Beat 'Em, Join 'Em
Cochrane, Russell
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Questions of how people influence and skew polling outcomes as respondents have long been at the core of methodological debates for empirical political scientists. In the study of public opinion and voting intentions, though, this perspective can only treat one direction of the relationship between respondents and polls. This article intends to highlight the effects of this relationship's converse: the effects of polling on voterintention. Bandwagon effects, underdog effects, and strategic voting are boiled down to their essences as functions of political expectations and it is argued that the publications of voter-intention polls (horse-race polls) during election periods can influence the expectations and calculations of prospective voters.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-02-09 09:34:22
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1733
Mapping Politics; Vol. 7 (2016): Fall 2016
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1734
2017-02-09T17:34:22Z
MP:ART
"170105 2017 eng "
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dc
Dichotomous Dilemma
Wilkie, Alex
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Capital punishment has been a controversial topic in American public opinion discourse. The history of American public opinion on capital punishment is a unique opportunity to study how public opinion changes, is measured, and affects policy outcomes. This article examines US capital punishment opinion trends throughout recent history and aims to determine the root causes of these trends. It argues that dichotomous polls of the past that measured support for capital punishment in yes/no responses provided a narrow understanding of capital punishment discourse for policy makers, which inevitably led to more visible support for capital punishment than current, more detailed forms of polling suggest. Dichotomous polls benefitted Republicans over Democrats in past presidential elections which influenced Supreme Court judicial appointments that would further shape capital punishment discourse.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-02-09 09:34:22
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1734
Mapping Politics; Vol. 7 (2016): Fall 2016
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1735
2017-02-09T17:34:22Z
MP:ART
"170105 2017 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Indigenous Social Movements in North America
Wyse, Susan Morrissey
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Indigenous social movements throughout North America, while varying according to specific local contexts, often share common grievances, goals and obstacles. As these movements attempt to address issues such as land rights, self rule, and resources, activists have implemented vastly different strategies in order to accomplish their goals. This paper examines two indigenous social movements — The American Indian Movement, which was most active in the United States during the 1960s, and Idle No More, a Canadian aboriginal movement that began in 2012. The aim of this research is to understand how these movements’ strategies and organizational structures have shaped their impact on indigenous rights in North America. In particular, the comparison focuses on the level of centralization within each social movement, as well as the use (or non-use) of confrontational and violent tactics. The research finds that while there are
many similarities between both groups, the major differences in strategy and structure have presented their own unique challenges for each social movement.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-02-09 09:34:22
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1735
Mapping Politics; Vol. 7 (2016): Fall 2016
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1736
2017-02-09T17:34:22Z
MP:ART
"170105 2017 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Role of Multilevel Governance In Urban Public Transit
Waters, Jason D.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
In an increasingly urbanized society, Canadian governments face considerable challenges in guiding economic development and facilitating services within their jurisdictions. For densely populated and growing cities and regions, constant changes are difficult to plan for. This work considers two case studies, Toronto and Vancouver, to demonstrate the use of network management practices by provincial and federal governments. It is argued that unequal power relations necessitate network management in order to influence policy direction within a multilevel governance context.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-02-09 09:34:22
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1736
Mapping Politics; Vol. 7 (2016): Fall 2016
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1759
2017-11-03T18:58:11Z
MP:ART
"170822 2017 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Environmental Policy in International Shipping: An Analysis on Current Policy and its Effects to the Industry
Wareham, Lori Katelyn
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Shipping is a main method of transportation for goods internationally, and is also a sizeable contributor towards global emissions produced annually. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) which is a specialized agency within the United Nations with responsibility for the safety and security of shipping, and for the prevention of marine pollution by ships, has amended the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution on Ships (MARPOL) in 2013 to include more energy-efficient regulations on new-build vessels, and stricter regulations on existing vessels. With this implementation, IMO is the first and only organization to have adopted energy-efficient measures that are legally binding across a whole global industry, and apply to all countries. Discussion of the intention of this policy, as well as its effect on industry and innovation in the field is considered in the following paper.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-11-03 11:58:11
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1759
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): Fall 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1768
2018-01-21T03:49:44Z
MP:ART
"170822 2017 eng "
1920-5473
dc
The Dog Ate My Homework: An Examination of Food and Nutrition Literacy in Newfoundland and Labrador with Policy Recommendations
Bowley, Claire Irene
Memorial University of Newfoundland
To achieve individual and population health goals in Newfoundland and Labrador, people must have the capacity to take an active role in their personal nutritional health and wellbeing and to advocate for social, cultural, environmental, economic and political change that promotes nutritional health and wellbeing in their own, and others’, lives. This capacity is dependent on food and nutrition literacy. This article defines food and nutrition literacy and examines the need for education initiatives to better promote these literacies in Newfoundland and Labrador. It is argued that current initiatives do not address all attributes of these literacies and are therefore unable to effectively achieve health promotion outcomes. To correct for this gap in health promotion, it is recommended that cross-curricular food and nutrition education be introduced into primary and secondary school curricula, and that registered dietitians be keenly involved in the development of these curricula.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-01-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1768
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017): Special Issue on Food
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1772
2017-11-03T18:58:11Z
MP:ART
"170822 2017 eng "
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dc
Abstraction, developmental failures, and financialization of carbon markets
Marx, Paris
Memorial University of Newfoundland http://parismarx.com/
Carbon markets are seen as an attractive policy mechanism for states to encourage the reduction of carbon emissions through the conventional neoliberal framework. They set a price on carbon to encourage polluters to reduce emissions, while providing flexibility mechanisms in the form of tradable credits and offsets. This paper argues that instead of promoting real emissions reduction, carbon markets allow polluters to avoid reducing emissions through the abstraction of reduction methods and the use of offsets that have negative impacts on the global South, while enabling a market for carbon-based financial products that create the conditions for another economic collapse.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-11-03 11:58:11
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1772
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): Fall 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1774
2017-11-03T18:58:11Z
MP:ART
"170822 2017 eng "
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The impact of cyberattacks on civil wars: Examining Russia’s role in the Ukrainian conflict
Marx, Paris
Memorial University of Newfoundland http://parismarx.com/
Cyberattacks are a relatively new tool to be used in civil wars, and the understanding of their impact remains in early stages. This paper reviews the existing literature on the impact of cyberattacks on civil wars, identifying particularly how they are difficult to attribute to a particular state or non-state group. It then applies that understanding to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, where cyberattacks have been used by Russia and its proxies to aid pro-Russian separatist groups.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-11-03 11:58:11
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1774
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): Fall 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1775
2018-01-21T03:49:46Z
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"170822 2017 eng "
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Biofuels, A Sustainable Alternative to Fossil Fuels?
Dinn, Jacob P.
Memorial University
Finding a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels is important for mitigating climate change. Currently, there is no sustainable alternative to fossil fuels that is affordable, accessible, and manageable on a global scale. A commonly proposed alternative to fossil fuels is biofuels, which are fuels composed of plant-based materials (e.g. maize and sugarcane). In this article, I will explore whether biofuels are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. I argue that the use of biofuels should not increase as an alternative to fossil fuels because of the negative implications biofuels have on environmental sustainability, food security, and poverty. Using a contentious political economy framework posed by Neville (2015), I show that negative biofuel implications often intersect with each other. This work contributes to the field of political economy, and to green energy policy. In finding that biofuels are not a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, investments in new technologies will help find an alternative that is affordable, accessible, and manageable.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-01-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1775
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017): Special Issue on Food
eng
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oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1778
2018-01-21T03:49:42Z
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"170822 2017 eng "
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Starving Out the Enemy: Withholding food aid as a tactic of war in South Sudan
Barry, Hannah
Dept. of Political Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
South Sudan has been at the heart of a relentless civil war for more than 30 years, but its ongoing violence has recently reached a level of unprecedented severity. As armed insurgents continue to clash with the government’s military forces, thousands of civilians have lost their lives and millions remain displaced. Earlier this year, the country experienced a devastating and widespread famine that threatened to starve more than 100,000 people. Even now, as the country recovers, more than 5 million remain critically food insecure. Food shortages are to be expected in cases of prolonged war – however, the situation in South Sudan is considered to be “man-made”. This paper seeks to examine how access to food is obstructed during cases of protracted conflict and discusses the role of corruption in this process. This paper concludes that wealthy elites are strategically profiting from South Sudan’s ongoing violence, and are, therefore, reluctant to negotiate a peace that will cost them their affluence. Withholding food aid is a tactic of war used to sustain conflict and must be recognized as a potential warning sign for future genocidal attacks.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-01-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1778
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017): Special Issue on Food
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1779
2020-02-28T09:38:05Z
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"170921 2017 eng "
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Honduras: Lack of Economic Freedom or Victim of Global Economic System? Bridging the Gap between Dependency Theory and Neoliberal Economic Theory in Developing Countries
Chirinos, Ella Adriana
Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador
Dependency theorists focus on the economic history of developing economies and the scarce benefits they have received in comparison to developed economies. Although founded in truth, they fail and neglect to highlight the positive benefits of the neoliberal economic system. In contrast, Neoliberals blame the lack of economic freedom, infrastructure, and levels of corruption in developing economies as the culprits inhibiting the benefits of neoliberal policies from flourishing. Hence, both theories neglect the valid points made by the other, resulting in an either-or argument. Herein lies the fundamental issue, since strictly adhering to the policies set forth by one cannot miraculously bolster the economy of a developing country. Thus, the argument of this paper is two-fold. First, by focusing on the economic history of developing countries it will showcase the circumstances that have allowed for Marxists ideologies to persist, specifically in Latin America. Secondly, by concentrating on the changing nature of multinational corporations, it will highlight the benefits of foreign direct investment and how it is essential for boosting the economy of developing economies. Thus, the overall aim of this paper, by focusing on Honduras, is to recognize that in light of the economic history of developing countries, the benefits of neoliberalism are not enough to positively impact the severe social disparities that are all too common in developing economies.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-11-03 11:58:11
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1779
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): Fall 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1781
2018-05-07T17:53:19Z
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"170822 2017 eng "
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Public Discourses and the Intellectual Origins of Labrador Nationalism
Mills, Morgon
Labrador Institute, Memorial University
Within the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Labrador has a distinct geographical and cultural identity satisfying many of the conditions of nationhood. In fact, given the ubiquity of nationalist symbolism and discourse in contemporary Labrador, it is easy to overlook how recently the idea of a unified regional public came to be. Its emergence between 1969 and the mid-1970s transformed Labrador society on a scale little short of revolution, chiefly by shifting control over discourse and practical affairs into local hands. Yet this public did not arise suddenly. Rather, it sprang from colonial traditions brought by figures like Wilfred Grenfell, Harry Paddon, and Lester Burry, who supplied not only a model for discourse but also the physical means for communication, through radio and improved transportation networks, while shifting the cultural centre of the region inland and openly advocating for the consolidation of a regional society.
It would take twenty years from Confederation for the idea of a Labrador society to become naturalized, with Labradorian intellectualism sped along by unprecedented demographic, economic, social, and technological changes, primarily associated with resource development. Considering pre-1969 public discourses in Labrador, including indigenous, settler, and outsider perspectives, will help us to contextualize, understand, and ultimately to celebrate the sudden rise in Labradorian intellectual and literary output in the early 1970s—an output which produced the basis for our political and national identity today.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-05-07 10:53:19
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1781
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): Conference Proceedings: Changing Political Landscapes 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1784
2020-02-28T09:47:11Z
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Colombia's Fork in the Road? President Santos' Treaty with The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
Chirinos, Ella Adriana
Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador
Colombia is considered Latin America’s most stable democracy; meanwhile, it is war-torn by the internal conflict with the guerrilla group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The armed conflict with the FARC has lasted for fifty-two years and has claimed the lives of 220,000 innocent civilians. The year 2016 marked the historic and controversial moment that President Santos of Colombia signed a peace treaty with the FARC, ignoring the results of a referendum that was intended to ratify the treaty. This paper will argue that President Santos’ refusal to recognize the FARC’s role in drug trafficking allows for future repercussions in Colombian politics and does not ensure that the democracy of which his beautiful country has boasted can be maintained. Furthermore, this paper contends that in bypassing the results of the referendum he has opened the door for the next government to oppose the peace treaty, possibly creating severe consequences for Colombia. In sum, President Santos has forcefully led Colombia on a journey it did not choose, leaving the future uncertain.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-05-07 10:53:19
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1784
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): Conference Proceedings: Changing Political Landscapes 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1790
2018-05-07T17:53:19Z
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"170822 2017 eng "
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“Why Didn’t Our Boys Just Shoot Him and Leave a Little Note?”: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann in Israel
Cranford, Katie Anne
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Historically speaking, the trial of former Nazi Adolf Eichmann was an unavoidable spectacle of the 1960s. For some, it could have been seen as a farce due to its inherent impartiality as the accused was illegally kidnapped out of Argentina and the proceedings were held in the fledgling state of Israel. For others, it reopened unpleasant wounds and brought back the horrors of Nazi Germany. For the world, it was an educational opportunity that allowed a new generation to learn about the atrocities of the Holocaust. My paper examines Eichmann’s role in the Holocaust, his trial and subsequent sentence, the question of the legitimacy of the proceedings, and the trial’s significant impact on how society viewed the Holocaust. From public opinion on Israel to new philosophical ideas, the Eichmann trial challenged people to reevaluate everything that they had known about Nazi barbarities, specifically those committed against the Jews. The reason why the Israelis did not simply “shoot him and leave a little note” was because his trial would, in fact, serve a political purpose. Was Eichmann really that important? Was he as central to the Holocaust as Israel would like the world to believe? There is a substantial amount of evidence that indicates Eichmann was not quite so important and that, instead, his highly- publicized trial was used to further the belief that the Holocaust was a uniquely Jewish experience thus validating the existence of the newly-created state of Israel in the Middle East.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-05-07 10:53:19
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1790
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): Conference Proceedings: Changing Political Landscapes 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1792
2017-11-03T18:58:11Z
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"170822 2017 eng "
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Effective Number of Parties in Nova Scotia
Chezenko, Griffyn Geoffrey
Memorial University of Newfoundland
For nearly two decades, provincial general elections in Nova Scotia have been exciting contests among three parties. While no substantial changes have been made to the province's electoral process in that time, multiparty competition has been sustained; moreover, said competition has been unhindered by the apparent constraints of the single member plurality voting system. One means of determining the strength of party competition is to measure the effective number of parties. Drawing of previous party systems literature, I apply these measures to Nova Scotia provincial general election results from the last eight decades. What emerges is a picture of the state of partisan competition in Nova Scotia, one where competition has been gradually increasing, albeit in several distinct stages. In particular, elections in Nova Scotia over the last twenty years have been very competitive with a higher than normal effective number of parties.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2017-11-03 11:58:11
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1792
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): Fall 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1793
2018-05-07T17:53:19Z
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"170822 2017 eng "
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Fixing What Ain't Broke: The New Norm of Fixed Date Elections in Canada
Chezenko, Griffyn Geoffrey
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Since 2001, legislation implementing fixed dates for general elections has been passed by the federal government, and most provincial and territorial governments. The notion that general election dates are now fixed, however, is flawed. In my submission to Changing Political Landscapes, I will explore the fledgling norm of fixed date elections in Canada and examine the aspects of the legislation which call into doubt the fixedness of these elections. With a review of the literature on the subject, I begin by inquiring into the emergence of this foreign phenomenon into Canadian electoral politics and the justification for its extensive adoption. Comparing the legislation across jurisdictions, I analyze the basic construct of fixed date election legislation in Canada, survey similarities and differences, and discover how fixed dates for elections are ultimately avoidable. As a result, I find that election dates are not truly fixed in Canadian jurisdictions where fixed date election legislation has been enacted.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-05-07 10:53:19
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1793
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): Conference Proceedings: Changing Political Landscapes 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1798
2018-05-07T17:53:19Z
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"170822 2017 eng "
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Comparing Sexual Harassment Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms at Universities in Canada and the United States: Getting Policy Right
Ivancic, Christopher
Memorial University of Newfoundland
The United States and Canada have markedly different legislation dealing with sexual harrassment policies on university campuses. In the States, there is a federal standard which publicly funded universities must meet, or they risk losing federal funding. Conversly, in Canada eduation is a provincial jurisdiction and the result is a patchwork of standards. This essay examines the American standard, Title IX, and then employs it to show theoretical problems with the sexual harassment policy in place at Memorial University. It further purports that the inefficacy of title IX is due to the courts interpretation of the act, and not its contents.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2018-05-07 10:53:19
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1798
Mapping Politics; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): Conference Proceedings: Changing Political Landscapes 2017
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1871
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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Will Enough ever be Enough?
Russell, Hayley Alexandra
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This paper examines the apparent discrepancy between public opinion and congressional action with regards to the implementation of further gun control policies within the United States. Through the examination of the history of congressional decision making as well as the history of gun control policies, it is the main contention of this paper that under the current policy-making environment within the United States further gun control measures will fail to come to materialize.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1871
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1889
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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The determinants of differing legislative responses in similar states: A Nordic Case Study
Piaseczny, Michael Joseph
Wilfrid Laurier University
This article examines the domestic legislative responses of three of the five social-democratic Nordic states: Norway, Sweden, and Finland. This exploratory study attempts to answer the question: Why do the social-democratic Nordic states differ in their legislative responses to terrorism? It analyzes state membership in supranational bodies (NATO, EU), [domestic] political climate, the number of ‘high-profile’ terrorist attacks on [domestic] soil, and the perceived level of threat. The field lacks significant comparison between states, specifically the Nordic states. The main differences between these Nordic states are their counter-terrorism policy responses towards law enforcement, immigrants, gun-control, and their levels of Europeanization.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1889
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1900
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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The Causes of High Human Development in Cuba
Bortolon, Cam
University of Windsor
Cuba continues to have a HDI score well above what one would expect from a country of its GDP. A unique case both regionally and globally, it presents an impressive degree of success in meeting human security needs. This paper compares key domestic policies used in Cuba with those used in comparable states in the region and worldwide in order to find the causes of Cuba’s high HDI score. It finds that these results are due to a combination of factors, many of them based in the state's Marxist-Leninist ideology. Specifically, a combination of equitable land reform, a strong welfare state, and smart prioritization and allocation of government resources work together to deliver a high degree of human development. These findings show that while Marxism-Leninism is by no means a flawless ideology, in practice it can contribute to high human development. Cuba’s remarkable success compared to countries with similarly low GDPs suggests that the policies and underlying ideology utilized there should be adopted in other developing nations in order to improve human development and security.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1900
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1913
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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An Ever-Closer Union: Communitarization of the European Union's Border Security
Mitchell, Colin
Acadia University
From the signing of the Maastricht Treaty to the formal implementation of Schengen into European law, the postwar integration of Europe through the idea of a European identity has pushed the current member states of the EU to abolish their internal borders and erect stronger external ones. Pushed by changing circumstances, the EU has had to alter how it polices its external borders by further supranationalizing its security processes. By examining primary sources that have been crucial to the supranationalization of European border security, this paper answers the following research question: how has the EU created institutions that supranationalize its border security processes? After searching through primary sources and conducting a discourse analysis on the Maastricht Treaty, Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004, the Treaty of Lisbon, Council Decision 2009/371/JHA, Regulation (EU) 1052/2013, and Regulation (EU) 2016/1624, this paper concludes that the EU has created institutions that gradually shift the sovereignty from member states to the supranational level as per the rhetoric of securitization. This has generated significant pushback as the chain of command becomes less clear due to communitarization and power to conduct external affairs shifts from member states to EU institutions
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1913
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1914
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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Canals, Consent and Coercion: A Critical Approach to the Politics of Transnational Mega-Projects
Dawson, Francis James
Memorial University
Ever since Chinese telecommunications magnate, Wang Jing announced in 2013 that construction would be going ahead for an interoceanic canal in Nicaragua, the proposed megaproject has garnered considerable attention and criticism. In order to analyze the political dynamics between the private investor and the nation-state, this paper seeks to move beyond a state-centric approach that has been used to frame this project specifically, as well as other infrastructure projects of a similar nature. By moving away from a conventional state-centric approach, this paper explores both how and why actors govern in the context of environmental politics. In order to do so, this paper adopts a critical political economy approach to assess the politics of global environmental governance.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1914
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1916
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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Unequal Under the Law: Indigenous Originalism and the Living-Tree Approach within Canadian Constitutional Jurisprudence
Russell, Hayley
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This paper examines the use of two contrasting doctrines of judicial interpretation utilized within Canadian constitutional jurisprudence. On one hand, the Supreme Court of Canada interprets cases involving non-indigenous claimants with a living-tree approach, allowing for the modernization of rights into the 21st century. In a contrasting sense, the highest court in Canada has continually rooted indigenous rights in the past, through utilizing the doctrine of originalism, in turn, preventing the flourishing of indigenous rights within Canada. This paper will further examine the fact that, not only does this divergence in approaches exist, it permeates as a precedent through succeeding Court decisions and, in turn, hinders the ability of indigenous communities and indigenous rights to move forward and progress into the 21st century.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1916
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1918
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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Ethnicity, Regime Type and the Tendency for Violence
Dinn, Jacob P
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Within the study of ethnicity and violence, there is a compelling puzzle: the number of ethnic groups in the world exceeds the number of violent ethnic conflicts. This puzzle alludes to an important question: what explains the tendency for violence among ethnic groups in multiethnic states? This essay argues that the tendency for violent ethnic conflict in multiethnic states depends on the regime type of the state. Using data from the Democracy Index developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit (2017) to classify regimes, this paper will argue that ‘anocratic’ regimes have a higher tendency for ethnic violence than states classified as ‘full democracies’ or ‘authoritarian regimes’. This essay contributes to the literature on ethnic violence and how regime type is an important and overlooked variable for explaining its onset.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1918
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1923
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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“When in France, do as the French do!”: The Front National and the European Union; A Battle for the Preservation of French Culture
Chirinos, Ella Adriana
Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador
With the rise of the far-right in Europe, previously unpopular right-wing parties emerge from the shadows to rival the dominant parties of their state. One such political party which has benefited from the wave of far-right movements in Europe is the Front National (FN) in France. One of the most distinguishing features of the FN is its criticism of the European Union (EU), arguing that the EU has contributed to the decline of France, specifically, the decline of French sovereignty. Embracing its Euroscepticism, the FN is the only outspoken anti-EU party in France, allowing it to further promote its role as the sole protector of the French culture. This paper contends that the condemnation of the European Union by the Front National is embedded in a cultural nationalist argument, where the EU is viewed as encroaching on the state’s ability to provide for and look after “the French people,” thereby being detrimental to the interests of France.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1923
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1924
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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National Identity and Sports in Latin America: The Hundred-Hour Football War between El Salvador and Honduras
Chirinos, Ella Adriana
Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador
“La Guerra de Fútbol,” Spanish for The Football War, erupted after a qualifying match in Mexico City between El Salvador and Honduras for the 1970 FIFA World Cup. Despite El Salvador winning the match, the state dissolved diplomatic ties and invaded Honduras on July 14, 1969. However, a football match was not the primary cause of the war. Instead, the sport was used a political tool by the government of El Salvador to direct the attention of its frustrated citizens towards the actions of its neighboring state in expelling and attacking Salvadoran immigrants while attempting to remain in power. This paper argues that citizens of El Salvador could be motivated to invade Honduras because of the build-up of tension between both states, providing an optimal opportunity for the Salvadoran government to create an “us vs. them” mentality surrounding the events of the 1969 football matches. The role of the sport in Latin America is analyzed and considered how it could be used for a nationalist cause to invade another state. Moreover, the xenophobic feelings of Hondurans towards the Salvadoran immigrants (legal and illegal) is examined as is the economic distress and political tensions of both states and discussed how it ultimately played out in the football field because of a blurred line between sports and national identity.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1924
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1927
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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Analyse comparative de la montée du populisme aux États-Unis et en Europe.
Heros, Alexis
Royal Military College of Canada
Les dernières années au sein de la société occidentale furent marquées par de multiples instabilités politiques sous la forme d’un concept : le populisme. Dans cette recherche, nous analysons les causes de la montée du populisme en France, en Allemagne, au Royaume-Uni et aux États-Unis. Avec comme point de départ la crise économique de 2008, notre recherche établie la cause principale de cette montée à une récession économique avec comme facteur intervenant les afflux étrangers récents. Nous présenterons les conséquences de l’économie et des afflux selon les programmes politiques des partis, les politiques publiques et les discours politiques.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1927
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1928
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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Campaigns as Gendered Institutions: A Case Study Between B.C. Premier and California Gubernational Campaigns
Irving, Michelle
Memorial University
This paper will explore campaigns as gendered institutions using Acker’s framework of gendered organizations. Acker notes political institutions are defined by the absence of women, and campaigns are no different. This paper will explore two case studies: British Columbia’s 2017 Provincial Election and California’s 2010 Gubernational Race to identify how gendered institutions operate across electoral races. The framework of gendered institutions is applied by exploring how four components: the historical bias in job evaluation and candidate selection of the preferred “gender” traits; the decisions and procedures that control and construct hierarchies based on gender; the construction of symbols and gender ideology that give legitimacy to the institution and the process of “doing gender”. The case studies demonstrate that campaigns generally seem to be gendered in the same way with the exception of how campaign fundraising operates, which warrants further investigation. Additional research is needed to understand the extent to which campaigns as gendered institutions operate across political systems.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1928
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/1930
2019-03-01T06:32:40Z
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"180911 2018 eng "
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Brexit, Secession, and Euroscepticism
Sulima, Elliot Mark
Royal Military College of Canada
This paper seeks to develop a forecasting tool for movements to separate within the European Union. Using a primarily cultural approach, the attitudes that exist in all EU countries will be looked at, and compared to secessionist movements at the sub-state level. Despite the fact that the European Union is not a state, it has taken on many of the functions of one, and the movements in states to separate from the EU are similar to sub-state secession movements. Attitudes leading to separation from the EU do differ from those guiding internal secession, and these movements have their own term: Euroscepticism. The question guiding the research is what public perceptions allow Eurosceptic political movements to take hold? The answer, supported by this work is that a combination of institutional, cultural, and economic perceptions, not economic realities, lead to Eurosceptic tendencies. To support the hypothesis, this paper has created a model that measures Eurosceptic attitudes in order to forecast future secession movements. Many models exist for secession movements, and Eurosceptic attitudes, but none combining the fields. Secessionist and Eurosceptic literature and models were blended in order to create an effective forecasting tool at the EU level. The model uses Hard Eurosceptic party vote share in the 2014 European Parliament elections as the dependent variable, and “EU Confidence” as the independent variable. “EU Confidence” is itself a composite of “Institutional Trust”, “Belonging”, and “Economic Trust”, which are in turn composed of public opinion polls, conducted in 2014, on a variety of issues in the EU. The analysis based on the last European Parliament elections shows a strong correlation, with an r-value of -0.690, between Eurosceptic vote share and “EU Confidence”. Furthermore, three of the countries most at risk of secession post-2014, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Greece, were the three forecasted by the model.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2019-02-28 22:32:40
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/1930
Mapping Politics; Vol. 9 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/2088
2020-02-28T09:04:43Z
MP:ART
"200227 2020 eng "
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From Sugarcane To Ethanol: The Historical Process That Transformed Brazil Into A Biofuel Superpower
Costa, Jose Augusto Martini
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Brazil is a biofuel superpower and a pioneer in the large-scale production and use of sugarcane ethanol. The country has plans to replace 10 percent of the world's fossil fuels by 2025 with biofuels (Novo et al., 2010). Brazil is also part of a multilateral agreement signed at the Paris Climate Conference (COP-21) in 2015 and has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 43% until 2030 compared to 2005 levels (Brazilian Government, 2015). The proposal for GHG reductions is mostly based on the increase of biofuels in the Brazilian energy mix. With historical institutionalism as its theoretical framework, this paper looks at how Brazil grew from a sugar exporter into a global ethanol powerhouse. This research’s main question looks at the key historical processes and national actors behind ethanol development in Brazil. Analyzing the historical process behind how sugarcane-based fuels evolved is central to understand how past energy transformations have occurred and will offer insights into future energy transformations concerning Brazil’s increasing reliance on ethanol.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2020-02-27 23:52:42
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/2088
Mapping Politics; Vol. 10 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/2089
2020-02-28T09:07:32Z
MP:ART
"200227 2020 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Ending Water Scarcity In The Desert: Is It A Mirage? Examining Desalination Technology As A Solution For Water Scarcity In Israel
Wieczorek, Christopher
Dalhousie University
This paper examines contemporary efforts to end water scarcity in the Israeli state. Although the supply of water was initially envisioned as a responsibility solely of the state and took on an almost religious importance, developments over the last 15 years have elevated the role of the private sector, through the use of Public-Private Partnerships, in building new desalination plants and other required infrastructure, filling a role formerly held by the state. Although the amount of potable water in Israel has increased, too much focus has been placed on increasing water supply, while initiatives to decrease demand for water have been largely neglected. Negative externalities stemming from the country's embrace of desalination technology, including damage to marine environments, have been largely ignored as well.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2020-02-27 23:52:42
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/2089
Mapping Politics; Vol. 10 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/2094
2020-02-28T09:06:06Z
MP:ART
"200227 2020 eng "
1920-5473
dc
Extended Book Review On Exorbitant Privilege: The Rise And Fall Of The Dollar And The Future Of The International Monetary System
Carmel, Mickael
Memorial University of Newfoundland
As the world’s only international currency, the US dollar continues to solidify the United States’ position in world finance and trade despite no longer contributing to the majority of industrial production as it once did. This has been referred to as the United States’ exorbitant privilege and plays into US exceptionalism. Evaluating Barry Eichengreen’s: Exorbitant Privilege: The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the future of the International Monetary System an argument is made for a future with multiple international currencies or at least regional currencies. Such currencies would be able to counter the supremacy of the US dollar in international trade and affairs, resulting in a safer international financial system less susceptible to external critical conjunctures, which could bring world markets into a tizzy. The prospects for the internationalization of the Euro and the Renminbi are explored in keeping with Eichengreen’s postulations.
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Memorial University of Newfoundland
2020-02-27 23:52:42
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/2094
Mapping Politics; Vol. 10 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.library.mun.ca:article/2098
2020-02-28T09:09:28Z
MP:ART
"200227 2020 eng "
1920-5473
dc
International Mining Regulations Through A Constructivist Paradigm
De Vries, Megan
Memorial University
The creation of the Global Mining Initiative saw the CEOs of the world’s largest mining companies come together from 1998-2002 to approach the social and environmental concerns voiced by many actors regarding the global impact of the mining industry (Tost et al., 2017). This paper shows that the creation and continued use of the Global Mining Initiative can be explained using a constructivist lens. By looking at the history of international mining regulations, constructivist explanations showcase how norms and cultures overtime encouraged the formation of institutions and relationships between stakeholders. The role of ideas, the impact of global norms on mining actors as well as mining actors attempts to influence global norms are explored. This allows for the showcasing of how the interaction between both actors and structures is not a one-way relationship, but one that changes given the interaction of all participants when looked at through a constructivist lens.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
2020-02-27 23:52:42
application/pdf
http://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/MP/article/view/2098
Mapping Politics; Vol. 10 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c)